Smart grids; transmission and distribution networks perspectives. Distributed low carbon technologies. Photovoltaic systems: impacts and challenges. Decarburization of heat and transport. Electrical vehicles and heat pumps: impacts and challenges. Active network management. Congestion and voltage control of distribution networks with low carbon technologies. Sustainable electricity systems. Low carbon thermal generation. Wind generation. Cogeneration, micro CHP, tri-generation, heat storage, heat networks. System level integration challenges (operational reserves, impact on conventional generation, capacity credit). Emission models and indicators. Role of Storage facility and demand response to low carbon system operation.